myfinalsnotes
  • Home
  • Medicine Notes
    • Surgery
    • Cardiology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics and gynaecology
    • gastroenterology
    • Haematology
    • Respiratory
    • Endocrinology
    • Nephrology
    • Psychiatry
    • Paediatrics
    • Rheumatology
    • Clinical Examination
  • Contact
  • eBook

Heart Failure mind maps

heart failure mind map, aetiology, pathology, clinical features
Heart failure management

Heart Failure revision notes

Picture

Pathophysiololgy

  • Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)- EF < 50%. 
  • Heart Failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
  • up regulation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
  • Increased catecholaemines
  • Cardiomyopathies
  • valve disease
Picture

Investigaitons

Bloods: 
  • Natriuretic peptides- BNP / NTproBNP. 
  • Renal function - renal dysfunction common
  • Haemoglobin- exclude anaemia
ECG
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • QRS + sinus rhythm + EF <35% + NYHA >II- CRT
CXR
  • upper lobe diversion
  • cardiomegaly
  • alveolar oedema/ interstitial oedema= Kerly B lines, patchy opacification
  • Pleural effusions
ECHO
  • Ejection fraction
  • valve disease
  • cardiomyopathy (dilated)
  • differential diagnosis- pericardial effusion/ constriction, cor pulmonale
Other tests
  • Angiography- ? IHD
  • MRI- structure and function
  • Radionucleotide - ? function
  • Biopsy


Picture

Clinical features

Symptoms- SOB/fatigue/ oedema
NYHA (New York Heart Association):
  • I= no limitation of physical activity
  • II= Mild symptoms on  exertion
  • III= marked symptoms on exertion
  • IV- symptoms at rest
PND - paroxsysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Orthopnoea
Peripheral oedema

SIGNS
Peripheral oedema
Raised JVP
Third heart sound
Displaced Apex
pulmonary crackles / wheeze
tachycardia

Picture

Management- Chronic

HFrEF
  • A- ACE inhibitor/ ARB- all patients, improves life expectancy, reduces hospitalisations
  • B- Beta blocker- all patients, improves life expectancy , reduces hospitalisations
  • C- Cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) / CRT (cardiac resynschronisation) - EF <35% plus NYHA II-IV
  • D- Diuretics -loop +/- thiazide if persistent pedema- for symptom relief
  • E- everything else- MRA (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists)- spironolactone/ eplerenone. HFLN (heart failure liaison nurses). Ivabradine   
HFpEF
  • No proven treatment to reduce mortality
  • Diuretics for symptoms
Access over 190  individual mind maps  by clicking here

Contact

Click here to contact
© 2014 MyfinalsNotes.com
Disclaimer
Picture
  • Home
  • Medicine Notes
    • Surgery
    • Cardiology
    • Neurology
    • Obstetrics and gynaecology
    • gastroenterology
    • Haematology
    • Respiratory
    • Endocrinology
    • Nephrology
    • Psychiatry
    • Paediatrics
    • Rheumatology
    • Clinical Examination
  • Contact
  • eBook