Pericarditis mind map

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Pericarditis revision notes

Pathophysiology

• Pericarditis causes: viruses, bacterial, TB, surgery, radiotherapy, dressler's syndrome, Rh arthritis, malignancy
  
• Pericardial constriction: rigid pericardium, TB.
• Tamponade: fluid accumulation -> pericardial fluid pressure > RV filling pressure = reduced cardiac filling pressure

Investigations

• ECG: global ST elevation, saddle shaped, PR depression, small complexes with effusion
  
• CXR: enlarged heart
  
• Echo
  

Clinical features

• Pericarditis: Pericardial rub; pleuritic pain -worse lying, eased sitting
  
• Constrictive pericarditis: pericardial knock; Soft HS; Right HF: raised JVP, peripheral oedema
  
• Tamponade: Kussmal's sign; raised JVP on inspiration; pulsus paragoxus - fall BP on inspiration; quiet heart sounds; Hypotension
  

Management

• Pericarditis: NSAIDS, colchicine, steroids, immunosuppression
  
• Constriction: pericardiectomy
• Tamponade: pericardiocentesis, pericardial window
  

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